How do plants breathe through stomata? Key regulators of stomata are plant vacuoles, fluid-filled organelles bound by a single membrane called the tonoplast. Plant vacuoles are fluid-filled organelles ...

A research team has revealed the molecular steps that led to the emergence of this plant-specific vacuolar transport system. Their work shows that the acquisition of this pathway was driven by the ...

The inside of a cell is like a house that has a lot of rooms. Little compartments called organelles are the intracellular versions of organs like the liver or the pancreas in the body. Each organelle ...

This illustration shows how the membrane trafficking protein VAMP72 gradually changed during plant evolution to give rise to VAMP727, which functions in transporting storage proteins to vacuoles. The ...