The circuit in Figure 1 combines a VBE-referenced current source with a current mirror to implement a simple two-terminal, fully floating LED current sink or source. This approach is well-suited for ...

The TL431 has been around for nearly 50 years. During those decades, while primarily marketed as a precision adjustable shunt regulator, this legacy device also found its way into alternative ...

It isn’t unusual to expect a precisely regulated voltage in an electronic project, but what about times when you need a precise current? Over on EDN, prolific [Stephen Woodward] explains how to use a ...