In previous issues, we have discussed troubleshooting input modules. In the examples, the output modules checked out OK. But what if they don't? As with input modules, output modules can be digital or ...

Industrial digital input chips provide serialized data by default. However, in systems that require real time, low latency, or higher speed, it may be preferable to provide level-translated, real-time ...

In our previous issue, we noted that the first step in troubleshooting digital input modules is to verify the power source of each loop. If input power is missing, the causes can be such things as ...

The trend towards increased monitoring in industrial automation and process control requires input modules with higher channel densities. In these applications, 24V DC digital inputs (DI) make up the ...

Making sound with digital logic usually calls for a Digital to Analog converter. Building one can be very simple, and the sound quality out of an R-2R Ladder is actually pretty good. In the last ...