Variable frequency drives (VFDs), also known as variable speed drives (VSDs), are used to modulate the speed of motors in various applications, from hydronic water pumping to VAV fan units to vacuum ...

Beyond the wheel, the most important mechanical equipment serving humanity is the centrifugal pump. Centrifugal pumps make modern quality of life possible. Turn on a faucet and a centrifugal turbine ...

Variable refrigerant flow (VRF) systems represent a dynamic advancement in heating, ventilation and air conditioning, providing tailored temperature control through precise modulation of refrigerant ...

Learning the basics can ease loop tuning frustration and ensure stability. During plant operations, it seems that tuning control loops is an ongoing task, which can be a continual frustration to ...

Integrated slug-flow optimization can mitigate flow problems in a wide range of both offshore and onshore operating conditions. Slug flow is one of the most common flow states in horizontal and ...

Compressible fluid flow through control valves will inevitably cause some form of flow-induced vibration in the fluid system. Identifying the type and cause of the vibration requires detective work.

Feedwater control valves play a critical role in boiler operation. One important parameter of their design is the pressure drop at the rated condition as well as off-design conditions. However, ...