To measure a zener diode’s breakdown voltage, you need a dc voltage source whose voltage exceeds that of the zener voltage. In Figure 1, resistor R SER provides voltage drop between V IN and V ZEN. In ...

I needed a pulsating light for a certain signaling. Voltage was 230V. So I decided to make a simple circuit, consisted of a LED diode, two capacitors, two resistors, a diac and a diode. Activity of ...

This file type includes high resolution graphics and schematics. LEDs are the most efficient way to turn an electric current into illumination. When a current flows through a diode in the forward ...

Fig 1. Stokes shift is a phenomenon common to photoluminescent materials in which the activated material emits photons at a different wavelength than the photons it absorbed. It is useful in ...