a1, Polarization and intensity distributions in each diffraction order with Gaussian beam incident, respectively. a2, Polarization and intensity distributions in each diffraction order with ...
The focus of a scalar vortex beam results into a transverse-axial polarization vector texture around the phase singularity, mapped from Gauss-Stokes Poincaré sphere, and forming a skyrmion. In ...
Cylindrical vector beam (CVB) multiplexing has emerged as a powerful technique to boost signal channels. Coupling and separating CVBs are two pivotal elements in CVB multiplexing communication.
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