The purpose of the network layer is to help route messages between different local networks. Central to this layer is the concept of exclusive network addresses, where every terminal connected to the ...

I like to think of the transport layer as the layer of the OSI Model that enables more interesting traffic. While we network engineers may love a lot of the simpler uses of the IP protocol and ...

Part 1 of this article looks at low-level communications protocols, including PPP and Ethernet, and their specific security features and requirements.] Now that we have discussed the lower-level ...

Thomas Herbert's book The Linux TCP/IP Stack: Networking for Embedded Systems is a thorough guided tour of the Linux kernel TCP/IP implementation. Herbert builds his description of Linux networking, ...

Deciphering the third transport protocol's four RFCs is a task to rival the proverbial blind man trying to understand an ...

For a class project I had to code an TCP/UDP echo client and server and then capture the resulting packets using TCPDUMP. Here is the output for sending 1000 characters (1000 bytes) from a file from ...