In Parts 1, 2, and 3 we took a closer look at calculating “ac” gain and how to desensitize the circuit to temperature and transistor parameter variations. In part 4 we consider the effects of a ...

As high-frequency circuit design evolves, the gap between theoretical models and practical application is narrowing thanks to recent computational breakthroughs. A 2024–2025 surge in co-simulation ...

As with many inventions, two people had the idea for an integrated circuit at almost the same time. Transistors had become commonplace in everything from radios to phones to computers, and now ...

Bell Laboratories, one of the world’s largest industrial laboratories and now part of Lucent Technologies, was originally the research and development arm of the giant telephone company American ...

(Nanowerk Spotlight) Organic semiconductors have long held promise for enabling deformable electronic devices that can be manufactured at low cost and high volumes using printing techniques. However, ...

The following automatic battery-charger design is created with a circuit that could qualify as the simplest window comparator ever built around a single transistor (see the figure). It starts charging ...

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If you ever work with a circuit that controls a decent amount of current, you will often encounter a FET – a Field-Effect Transistor. Whether you want to control a couple of powerful LEDs, switch a ...

There are many applications for one or two transistors. These can include voltage and current amplification useful for interfacing between other system blocks (perhaps ICs). Described in this series ...