Embryonic germ layers are the fundamental organizing principle in animal development. They provide the structural basis from which tissues and organs arise. During early embryogenesis, cells divide to ...

Stromal cells – also known as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) – are non-hematopoietic, multipotent, self-renewable cells that are capable of trilineage differentiation (mesoderm, ectoderm, and endoderm) ...

In human embryology, weeks six through eight are characterized by the growth and differentiation of tissues into organs. This process is known as organogenesis and occurs from weeks three through ...

The pancreas is a complex organ that consists of two parts: exocrine, which secretes digestive enzymes into the gut; and endocrine, which secretes the four hormones insulin, glucagon, somatostatin and ...

The vertebrate heart is a highly modified muscular vessel, which is composed of numerous cell lineages. Heart patterning is a complex and spatially and temporally dynamic process. The cardiac ...

Ancient body blueprint: Sea anemones use a BMP shuttling mechanism to form their back-to-belly axis, a process shared with distant bilaterian animals. Sticking together: UChicago research shows early ...

This paper proposes a new interpretation for primary thickening in monocotyledons. The anatomy of the vegetative organs of the following species was examined: Cephalostemon riedelianus (Rapataceae), ...