Cane toads have one of the most infamous invasion histories on Earth. Native to South America, Rhinella marina was moved around the world as “pest control” and the ripple effects are still playing out: 📍 Puerto Rico (1920): introduced for sugarcane pests like white grubs. 📍 Hawai‘i (1932): spread between islands; mainly insect eaters, linked to impacts on local invertebrates (including crickets). 📍 Australia (1935): released in Queensland; now spans over a million km² across the north, with m